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The
Prophet ordered us to do seven (things) and forbade us from
seven. He ordered us to visit
the patients, to follow the
funeral procession, to reply
to the sneezer (i.e., say to him, 'Yarhamuka-l-lah
(May Allah bestow His Mercy upon you), if he says 'Al-hamdulillah'
(Praise be to Allah), to help others
to fulfill their oaths, to
help the oppressed, to greet
(whomever one should meet), and to accept the invitation
(to a wedding banquet). He forbade us to wear golden
rings, to use silver utensils, to use Mayathir (cushions
of silk stuffed with cotton and placed under the rider on
the saddle), the Qasiyya (linen clothes containing silk
brought from an Egyptian town), the Istibraq (thick silk)
and the Dibaj (another kind of silk).[Hadith
Narrated Al-Bara' bin 'Azib - SahihBukhari]
Marriage is a source of worldly pleasure
and is an important aspect of human life. The philosophy
of Islam enunciates the blending of worldly pleasure with
eternal rewards. Accordingly Rasulullah (S.A) set all worldly
affairs into the celestial mould. One of them is consummation,
which is transformed into Ibadat as Nikah. As such Rasulullah(S.A)
says "NIKAH IS ONE OF MY TRADITIONS".
It is made obligatory for every Momin that marriages should
be performed within the frame work of Shariat to attain
the purity of relations.
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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
born at Delhi, India on 17th October, 1817, Muslim educator,
jurist and author, founder of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental
College at Aligarh, UP, India, and principal motivating
force behind the revival of Indian Islam in the late 19th
century. His works, in Urdu, include Essays on the Life
of Muhammad (PBUH) (187) and commentaries on the Bible and
on the Quran. In 1888 he was made a Knight Commander of
the Star of India.
Syed’s family, though progressive, was highly regarded
by the dying Mughal dynasty. His father, who received an
allowance from the Mughal administration, became something
of a religious recluse; his maternal grand father had twice
served as prime minister of the Mughal emperor of his time
and had also held positions of trust under the East India
Company. Syed’s brother established one of the first
printing press at Delhi and started one of the earlier newspapers
in Urdu, the principal language of the Muslims of northern
India.
The death of Syed’s father left the family in financial
difficulties, and after a limited education Syed had to
work for his livelihood. Starting as a clerk with the East
India Company in 1938, he qualified three years later as
a sub-judge and served in the judicial department at various
places.
Syed Ahmed had a versatile personality, and his position
in the judicial department left him time to be active in
many fields. His career as an author (in Urdu) started at
the age of 23 with religious tracts. In 1847 he brought
out a noteworthy book, Athar Assandid ("Monuments of
the Great"), on the antiquities of Delhi. Even more
important was his pamphlet "The Causes of the Indian
Revolt". During the Indian Mutiny of 1857 he had taken
the side of the British, but the weakness and errors of
the British administration that had led to dissatisfaction
and countrywide explosion. Widely read by British officials,
it had considerable influence on British Policy.
His interest in religion was also active and lifelong. He
began a sympathetic interpretation of the Bible, wrote Essay
on the Life of Muhammad (PBUH) (translated into English
by his son), and founded time to write several volumes of
a modernist commentary on the Quran. In these works he sought
to harmonise the Islamic faith with scientific and politically
progressive ideas of his time.
The establishment
of Mohammedan Anglo Oriental (MAO) College in 1875 marks
one of the most important events in the educational and
social history of modern India. Its establishment is considered
as the first significant response of the Indian Muslims
to the challenges of post -1857 era. It was an important
catalyst in a process of social change among Muslims.
In 1920, an Act of Indian Legislative Council elevated the
M.A.O. College to the status of a Central University. Since
that time AMU has grown into a major Indian university.
It presently covers a very wide spectrum of academic disciplines,
having 88 departments, 5 institutions, 13 centres.
The University currently has about 28000
students on its rolls, most of whom stay in 16 halls of
residences with 70 hostels. It employs about 1400 academic
staff, and about 6000 non-teaching staff.
On an average, about 500 foreign students
come to study at AMU every year.
The University has a campus spread over
467.6 hectares of land.
The supreme interest of Syed’s life
was, however, education – in its widest sense, He
began establishing schools, at Muradabad (1858) and Ghazipur
(1863). A more ambitious undertaking was the foundation
of the Scientific Society, which published translations
of many educational texts and issued a bilingual journal
– in Urdu and English
These institutions were for the use of all citizens and
were jointly operated by the Hindus and Muslims. In the
late 1860s there occurred developments that were alert the
course of his activities. In 1867 he has transferred to
Benares, a city on the Ganges with great religious significance
for Hindus. At about the same time a movement started at
Benares to replace Urdu, the language cultivated ,.by the
Muslims, with Hindi. This movement and the attempts to substitute
Hind for Urdu publications of the Scientific Society convinced
Syed that the paths of the Hindus and the Muslims must diverge.
Thus, when during a visit to England (1869-70) he prepared
plans for a great educational institution, they were "a
Muslim Cambridge." On his return "Social Reform"),
for the "uplift and reform the Muslim". A Muslim
school was established at Aligarh in May 1875, and after
his retirement in 1876, Syed devoted himself to enlarging
it into a college. In January 1977 the Viceroy laid the
foundation stone of the college. In spite of conservation
opposition to Syed’s projects, the college made rapid
progress. In 1886 Syed organised the All-India Muhammadan
Educational Conference, which met annually at different
places to promote education and to provide the Muslims with
a common platform. Until the founding of the Muslim League
in 1906, it was the principal national centre of Indian
Islam.
Syed advised the Muslims against joining active politics
and to concentrate instead on education. Later, when some
Muslims joined the Indian National Congress, he came out
strongly against that organisation and its objectives, which
included the establishment of parliamentary democracy in
India. He argued that, in a country where communal divisions
were all-important and education and political organisations
were confined to a few classes, parliamentary democracy
would work only inequitably. Muslims, generally, followed
his advice and abstained from politics until several years
later when they had established their own political organisation
i.e. Muslim League.
This great scholar and leader died on 27th March, 1898,
at Aligarh, India
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